Fundamentals
Government of Laws: What It Means and Why It Limits Power
A government of laws subjects citizens and authorities alike to public, general and reviewable rules rather than the personal will of whoever governs.
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Chronological archive of Libertatis Venezuela publications. Here you can review every published article without filtering by category.
Fundamentals
Majority Rule: Meaning, Rules, and Limits
A majority can decide without unanimity, but winning a vote does not create unlimited power. These are its rules, uses, and limits.
Fundamentals
What a Constitutional Government Is and Why It Is Not the Same as Democracy
A constitutional government can exercise authority, but only within superior limits, protected rights, and checks that can stop abuses.
Fundamentals
Civilian Government: What It Means and How It Differs from Military Rule
Civilian government places political authority in civilian institutions and subordinates the armed forces to public decisions, rules, and oversight.
Fundamentals
Generality of the Law: What It Means and Why It Matters
The generality of the law requires rules aimed at open categories of people and situations, not privileges or punishments designed for one case.
Fundamentals
Liberal Garantism: What It Means and How It Limits Punitive Power
Liberal garantism describes the affinity between legal guarantees and the liberal tradition of limiting coercion, but it is not a doctrinal identity.
Fundamentals
Individual Guarantees: Meaning, Examples, and Why They Matter
Individual guarantees are legal protections designed to make each person's rights effective against arbitrary exercises of power.
Fundamentals
Constitutional Guarantees: What They Are and How They Protect Rights
Constitutional guarantees turn rights and limits on power into enforceable commitments. Learn their core functions and distinctions.
Fundamentals
What a Mortgage Lien Is and How It Works
A mortgage lien ties a property to the performance of an obligation. Learn how it works, how it differs from a loan, and what risks it creates.
Fundamentals
Entrepreneurial Function: What It Means and Why Context Matters
The entrepreneurial function means spotting opportunities, coordinating resources, and acting under uncertainty; more broadly, it can also describe the role of organizing and driving a business.
Fundamentals
Hyperpresidentialism: What It Is and Why It Is Not the Same as a Strong Presidency
Hyperpresidentialism describes an imbalance: a presidency with great effective power facing institutions that cannot control it sufficiently.
Fundamentals
Credit Expansion: What It Is and How It Affects the Economy
Credit expansion increases the availability of loans. It can finance productive activity, but excessive growth also builds risk.
Fundamentals
Unit of account: what it is and why it matters for prices and contracts
A unit of account is the common reference used to express prices, costs, and debts. Its usefulness depends on how clearly it allows comparison.
Fundamentals
Land Titling: What It Is and How It Differs from Possession
Land titling identifies, verifies and formalizes rights over a parcel so they are clearer and more defensible under each country's rules.
Fundamentals
Exchange rate: what it is, how it is formed, and why it matters
An exchange rate is the price of one currency expressed in another. Understanding how it is formed helps explain its movements and everyday effects.
Fundamentals
Civil Society: What It Is and How It Differs from the State
Civil society is the sphere of associations and collective action that links people with one another and with public institutions.
Authors
Hayek and spontaneous order: what the idea means and why it matters
Spontaneous order explains, in Hayek, how a free society coordinates dispersed knowledge under general rules, without a central plan dictating each person's ends.
Authors
Hayek and The Road to Serfdom: what it argues and why it matters
The Road to Serfdom explains why, for Hayek, general rules sustain a free society by limiting discretionary power, and warns what happens when central planning replaces them with decisions about collective ends.
Fundamentals
Subsidies and Economic Effects: How They Alter Prices and Incentives
Subsidies lower the cost of activities or goods to pursue public goals, but their results depend on incidence, design, cost, and how they end.
Fundamentals
Market Failures: What They Are, Why They Arise, and What They Mean
Market failures occur when prices, information, competition, or poorly defined rights prevent resources from being allocated efficiently.
Fundamentals
Money creation: what it is, how it works, and why it matters
Money creation is not just about printing banknotes. Understanding it requires separating central bank money, bank deposits, money supply, and inflation.
Authors
Herbert Spencer: who he was, what ideas he defended, and why he still matters
Herbert Spencer was a 19th-century English philosopher and sociologist who tried to explain society through a general theory of evolution. His defense of individualism and a limited state places him close to classical liberalism, but his legacy requires nuance.
Authors
Hayek and Dispersed Knowledge: What It Means and Why It Matters
A clear explanation of Hayek's thesis on dispersed knowledge, the price system, and the limits of central planning.
Authors
Gustave de Molinari: who he was and why he matters for classical liberalism
Gustave de Molinari was a radical classical liberal who pushed the defense of competition to an uncomfortable question: why should security remain in the hands of a state monopoly?