Fundamentals
Inflation and Political Power: Who Bears the Costs?
Inflation does not affect everyone alike. Understanding its channels shows how public decisions redistribute costs and why rules matter.
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Chronological archive of Libertatis Venezuela publications. Here you can review every published article without filtering by category.
Fundamentals
Reserve Requirements: What They Are, How They Work, and How They Affect Credit
Reserve requirements oblige certain financial institutions to hold reserves against liabilities defined by regulation. Their effects depend on how the rule is designed.
Fundamentals
Monetary Convertibility: What It Is, How It Works, and Its Limits
Convertibility allows one currency to be exchanged for another under known rules. Its credibility depends on institutional design, reserves, and discipline.
Fundamentals
Civilian Control of Power: Limits on Arbitrary Rule
Civilian control of power combines law, rights, institutional checks, and civic oversight to hold public authority to verifiable limits.
Fundamentals
Tariffs: What They Are, How They Work, and What Effects They Have
Tariffs tax imported goods, but their cost does not necessarily fall on one person alone. This guide explains how they are calculated, why they are used, and what effects they can have.
Fundamentals
What Is a Liberal Constitution? Principles, Limits, and Historical Examples
A liberal constitution is not defined merely by its name or by listing rights. What matters are legal limits on power, a distribution of functions, and guarantees that allow liberties to be enforced.
Fundamentals
Property Rights and Prosperity: How They Relate
Property rights can contribute to prosperity by making it easier to care for, invest in, and exchange resources, but their effects depend on legitimate rights, impartial justice, and limits on harm and privilege.
Fundamentals
Classical Liberalism: Meaning, Principles, and Differences
A guide to classical liberalism as a diverse tradition centered on individual liberty, equality before the law, and limits on power.
Fundamentals
Freedom of Exchange: What It Means and the Conditions That Make It Possible
An exchange is free when the parties can decide, may legitimately dispose of what they offer, and have rules that protect consent.
Fundamentals
Exchange Rate Risk: What It Is and How It Affects Receipts, Payments, and Businesses
Exchange rate risk arises when the value of a receipt, payment, asset, or debt depends on a currency other than the one used to measure the outcome.
Fundamentals
Ministerial Responsibility: What It Is, How It Works, and Why It Limits Power
Ministerial responsibility requires those who lead the executive to explain and submit their decisions to scrutiny; it is not, by itself, a legal conviction.
Fundamentals
Property and Freedom: How Are They Connected?
Property can broaden freedom by safeguarding a sphere of personal decision-making, provided there are general rules, clear titles, and respect for the rights of others.
Fundamentals
Limits on Private Property: Scope and Safeguards
Property does not mean being free to do anything with an asset, but the public interest does not authorize every burden either. The key questions concern law, the scope of the restriction, and safeguards.
Fundamentals
Voluntary Exchange: What It Means and the Conditions That Make It Possible
Voluntary exchange does not promise success, nor is it established by a signature alone. It depends on expectations, genuine consent, and rules that protect people from fraud, coercion, and privilege.
Fundamentals
Fiat Money and Individual Rights: Rules, Contracts, and Limits on Power
Fiat money does not by itself determine whether individual rights are respected. The decisive question is whether monetary rules are predictable, transparent, and subject to legal limits.
Fundamentals
Property Rights: What They Are, What They Protect, and Their Limits
Property rights protect a legal relationship to assets: they allow people to use, benefit from, transfer, and defend them within general rules and safeguards against arbitrary action.
Fundamentals
Fiat Money: What It Is and What Supports Its Value
Fiat money cannot be redeemed for gold and has no value based on the material it is made from. Its usefulness depends on retaining purchasing power and being accepted in exchange.
Fundamentals
Voluntary Exchange: What It Is and the Conditions It Requires
A voluntary exchange occurs when two parties accept an agreement because, given their alternatives, they expect to prefer it to declining it. That expectation neither guarantees the outcome nor makes every bargain just.
Fundamentals
Pluralism: What It Is and What It Requires in a Free Society
Pluralism does not erase differences: it creates a framework in which people and associations with different convictions can live together without coercion.
Fundamentals
What Is a Free Market and How Does It Work?
A free market coordinates decentralized decisions through prices, exchange, and general rules. It is neither lawless nor an automatic guarantee of good outcomes.
Fundamentals
Legal Certainty and Liberalism: What It Is and Why It Protects Freedom
Legal certainty does not prevent laws from changing: it requires change to be public, understandable, and subject to limits that prevent arbitrariness.
Fundamentals
Freedom of Expression and Responsibility: Where Limits End and Censorship Begins
Being responsible in what one says is not the same as seeking permission to speak. This guide distinguishes ethics, correction, redress, and legitimate limits on power.
Fundamentals
Civil Liberty: What It Protects and How It Differs from Civil Rights
Civil liberty is not a fixed list of permissions: it is a sphere of decision protected by rules, safeguards, and limits on arbitrary power.
Fundamentals
Liberalism and Economic Freedom: Principles, Institutions, and Limits
Economic freedom does not mean an absence of rules: it depends on protected rights, enforceable contracts, and open competition.