Fundamentals
Price floors: what they are and why they create surpluses
Price floors set a minimum transaction price. When binding above equilibrium, they can create surpluses, reduce hiring, and shift costs to buyers or taxpayers.
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Chronological archive of Libertatis Venezuela publications. Here you can review every published article without filtering by category.
Fundamentals
Price ceilings: what they are and why they can cause shortages
Price ceilings legally limit how much sellers may charge. When set below the market-clearing price, they can lead to shortages, queues, rationing, and reduced supply.
Fundamentals
Plural society: what it is and why it needs freedom and common rules
A plural society lets people live together and disagree under equal rights, tolerance, freedom of conscience, and common rules that limit power.
Fundamentals
Freedom of consumption: what it means and why it belongs to economic freedom
Freedom of consumption lets people choose, replace, or reject goods and services using their own resources, within rules that protect property, contracts, and the rights of others.
Fundamentals
Constitutional veto: what it is and how it limits political power
A constitutional veto allows public decisions to be stopped or reviewed under defined rules. It can protect rights and restrain abuses, though arbitrary use can also cause political deadlock.
Fundamentals
Business Risk: What It Is and Why It Comes With Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship means committing resources without a guarantee of recovering the investment. Business risk connects uncertainty, competition, profits, losses, and responsibility for decisions.
Fundamentals
Tyranny of the Majority: Meaning and Why Democracy Needs Limits
Tyranny of the majority arises when winning a vote is used to violate individual rights. Constitutional limits protect those outside the dominant group.
Fundamentals
Separation of Church and State: freedom of conscience and limits on power
Separation of church and state distinguishes civil from religious authority to protect freedom of conscience, without imposing a faith or excluding religion from social life.
Fundamentals
Secrecy of correspondence: privacy, freedom, and limits on power
Secrecy of correspondence protects private communications against unjustified access, interception, or disclosure, limiting arbitrary surveillance by private parties and public authorities.
Fundamentals
Political Legitimacy: What It Is and Why It Matters
Political legitimacy is the quality that allows a ruler, institution, or government to claim a justified right to govern, make rules, and demand obedience. It is not the same as raw power, formal legality, or public.
Fundamentals
What Are Tariffs and Why Do They Affect Free Trade
What tariffs are, how they work, and why they make international trade more expensive, protect specific interests, and reduce economic freedom.
Fundamentals
Constituent Power: What It Is and How It Differs from Constituted Power
Constituent power creates or reshapes the constitutional framework, while constituted power operates within the legal limits that framework sets.
Fundamentals
Money Supply: What It Is, How It Is Measured, and Why It Matters
The money supply brings together cash and certain deposits available in an economy. Understanding its aggregates clarifies how money is created and why it matters.
Fundamentals
State Neutrality: What It Means and How It Differs from Secularism
State neutrality requires public power not to reward or punish beliefs as such, without making the state indifferent to rights or harms.
Fundamentals
Money Supply: What It Is, How It Is Measured, and How It Differs from the Monetary Base
The money supply groups different forms of money by liquidity. Understanding its aggregates helps analyze credit, prices, and monetary conditions.
Fundamentals
Religious Pluralism: What It Is and How It Differs from Related Concepts
Religious pluralism helps explain coexistence among different faiths and a theological debate about the validity of their claims.
Fundamentals
Liberal perfectionism: what it is and where its limits lie
Liberal perfectionism holds that a free society can promote certain human goods. The decisive question is how to do that without turning the idea into tutelage or abuse of power.
Fundamentals
Right to Privacy: What It Is, What It Protects, and How It Differs from Intimacy
The right to privacy protects a personal sphere from arbitrary interference and makes it possible to live, communicate, and decide with autonomy.
Fundamentals
Voluntary Associations: What They Are and How to Recognize Them
Voluntary associations bring together people who choose to cooperate around shared purposes and accepted rules, without imposed membership.
Fundamentals
Lease: What It Is, How It Works, and How It Differs
A lease lets someone use a good temporarily in exchange for rent without transferring ownership. These are its essential parts and differences.
Fundamentals
Constitutional Amparo: What It Is, What It Protects, and When It Applies
Constitutional amparo is an exceptional remedy for protecting certain fundamental rights against violations by public authorities.
Fundamentals
Price Mechanism: What It Is and How It Coordinates Decisions
The price mechanism coordinates decentralized decisions by turning changes in supply and demand into signals and incentives for consumers and producers.
Fundamentals
Discretionary Power: What It Is and What Limits It Has
Discretionary power lets an authority choose among several lawful options, but it does not authorize decisions without reasons, limits, or review.
Fundamentals
Political Opposition: What It Is and Why It Matters in Democracy
Political opposition scrutinizes the government, represents disagreement, and offers alternatives within a competition regulated by rights and laws.