Fundamentals
Entrepreneurship and markets: how an idea becomes an opportunity
Markets test an idea against real purchasing decisions, prices, and alternatives. That evidence can guide an entrepreneur, but it cannot guarantee success.
Archive
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Chronological archive of Libertatis Venezuela publications. Here you can review every published article without filtering by category.
Fundamentals
Political Dissent: What It Is and Why It Matters
Political dissent is a significant disagreement with an authority, decision, or group line. Understanding it requires distinguishing the position itself, its forms of expression, and the limits on its means.
Fundamentals
Entrepreneurial Discovery: How Opportunities Are Found in the Market
Entrepreneurial discovery occurs when someone notices a mismatch others have missed and tests a possible solution under uncertainty.
Fundamentals
Due Process: What It Is and the Safeguards It Provides
Due process sets the minimum conditions for an authority to decide fairly, impartially, and accountably when rights or obligations are at stake.
Fundamentals
Modern Constitutionalism: How to Limit Political Power
Modern constitutionalism addresses a decisive problem: how to authorize political power without letting those who wield it decide for themselves how far it may go.
Fundamentals
Free Banking: What It Is, How It Would Work, and Its Limits
Free banking proposes that competing banks issue their own monetary liabilities under general rules. Understanding it requires distinguishing competition, convertibility, and market discipline from a simple absence of rules.
Fundamentals
Savings and Credit: What They Are and How They Relate
Saving and borrowing are decisions about using money over time. Understanding their differences, costs, and risks helps people choose more freely.
Fundamentals
Personal Responsibility: What It Is and Where Its Limits Lie
Personal responsibility means answering for the part that is yours: your decisions, commitments, and foreseeable effects, while recognizing circumstances and refusing to blame yourself for everything.
Fundamentals
Life plan: a framework for deciding and acting
A life plan does not predict the future. It helps you order priorities, choose goals, and reconsider your course as circumstances change.
Fundamentals
Property and Social Peace: Clear Rules for Living with Disagreement
Property can contribute to social peace when it defines powers and responsibilities, enables voluntary agreement, and provides impartial ways to resolve conflict.
Fundamentals
Property and Inheritance: What Passes On and Why It Matters
Inheritance extends certain property relationships beyond death, but it does not automatically make every asset an heir’s exclusive, freely available property.
Fundamentals
Property and the Rule of Law: Why They Need Each Other
Property depends on more than a title: it requires predictable rules, limited authorities, and effective remedies against arbitrary decisions.
Fundamentals
Public Property: What It Is and How It Is Managed
Public property is defined first by its owner: a public body. But knowing who owns an asset does not by itself determine how it may be used, managed, or transferred.
Fundamentals
Value Pluralism: What It Is and Why It Is Not Relativism
Value pluralism holds that different human goods can be genuine yet conflict, without any universal formula for resolving every case.
Fundamentals
Academic Freedom: What It Protects and Its Limits
Academic freedom protects the pursuit, discussion, and transmission of knowledge from interference and retaliation, but it does not dispense with rigor, ethics, or accountability.
Fundamentals
Liberalism vs Collectivism: Differences, Limits, and Social Cooperation
The decisive difference between liberalism and collectivism is not a choice between the individual and society, but who may impose common purposes and what limits protect each person.
Fundamentals
The Principle of Legality in Criminal Law: What It Is and How It Limits Punishment
The principle of legality in criminal law prevents the state from creating crimes after the fact or punishing people under unpredictable rules. Here are its safeguards and limits.
Fundamentals
Inflation and Individual Rights: Property, Contracts, and Autonomy
Inflation does not affect everyone equally: it changes the real value of savings, income, and debt. Understanding those effects helps clarify its relationship to property, contracts, and autonomy without confusing economic loss with a legal violation.
Fundamentals
Secular State: What It Is, How It Works, and What It Protects
A secular state does not fight religion: it limits public power so that no belief—or lack of belief—determines a person's rights.
Fundamentals
Economic Efficiency: How to Make the Most of Scarce Resources
Economic efficiency helps compare alternative uses of scarce resources, but it does not by itself determine which outcome is fair.
Fundamentals
Boundary Determination: What It Is and Why It Matters Between Neighboring Properties
Boundary determination establishes where the line between adjoining properties lies. Understanding its scope helps distinguish uncertainty about boundaries from a dispute over ownership.
Fundamentals
Minority Rights: What They Protect and Why They Matter
Minority rights protect each person's freedom to preserve their culture, practice their religion, use their language, and take part in public life without discrimination.
Fundamentals
Judicial Oversight: What Courts Review and What Limits Them
Judicial oversight subjects the exercise of power to rules, jurisdiction, and rights. Its scope and effects depend on the legal system.
Fundamentals
Contract of Sale: What It Is, Key Elements, and Basic Obligations
A clear guide to what buyer and seller agree to, what each must do, and what to check before entering into a contract.