Archive
Chronological archive of Libertatis Venezuela publications. Here you can review every published article without filtering by category.
Fundamentals
Intellectual property encompasses distinct rights over works, inventions, signs, and other intangible assets. Understanding it requires separating creation from legal rights and exclusivity from its limits.
Fundamentals
What individual responsibility means, how it relates to freedom, and why it does not require ignoring social circumstances.
Fundamentals
What individual agency means, how it relates to intention, autonomy, and responsibility, and how circumstances constrain it.
Fundamentals
The foreign exchange market connects currencies, payments, and risks. This guide explains how it works, who participates, and how exchange rates are formed.
Fundamentals
What business profit means, how it works, which distinctions matter, and what risks, limits, and applications shape it.
Fundamentals
What bicameralism means, how it works, which distinctions matter, and what risks, limits, and applications shape it.
Fundamentals
An explanation of abuse of power in government, organizations, and unequal relationships, with practical criteria for recognizing and constraining it.
Fundamentals
What abuse of authority means, how it differs from lawful discretion, and which safeguards constrain arbitrary official action.
Fundamentals
Secularism limits state privilege and coercion in matters of belief. This guide explains its principles, institutional forms, and limits.
Fundamentals
Public reason requires fundamental political decisions to be justified with reasons that free and equal citizens can assess and reasonably accept. It neither erases personal convictions nor promises consensus: it disciplines the use of coercive power.
Fundamentals
Productive property is defined not only by who owns an asset, but by how that asset is used. This guide explains the criterion through examples, mixed-use cases, and limits.
Fundamentals
Money illusion arises when we focus more on monetary figures than on what the money can buy. Distinguishing nominal from real values helps us evaluate wages, savings, interest rates, and debt more accurately.
Fundamentals
Monetary aggregates classify assets by their ability to function as money. This guide explains the logic of M1, M2, and M3, how they differ from the monetary base, and the cautions needed to interpret them.
Fundamentals
Mixed ownership combines public and private stakes, but percentages alone do not explain it: effective control, risk, objectives, and accountability also matter.
Fundamentals
Local power depends on more than proximity: it requires genuine decision-making authority, adequate resources, accountability, and legal limits.
Fundamentals
Condominium ownership combines exclusive rights over an individual unit with an inseparable interest in common areas and services. This guide explains its structure, documents, and basic rules.
Fundamentals
Communal property does not mean that a resource has no owner or that anyone may use it. It refers to a family of arrangements in which an identifiable community allocates rights, sets rules, and assumes responsibilities for a resource.
Fundamentals
A cadastre organizes information about parcels and real estate so they can be identified, described, and used for fiscal and land-management purposes. Its scope and legal effects vary by country.
Fundamentals
Political prices are prices fixed or altered by public power according to political goals, rather than by voluntary coordination between supply and demand.
Fundamentals
The money multiplier describes a relationship between the monetary base, bank reserves, and broad money, but it is not an automatic credit machine.
Fundamentals
Co-ownership exists when two or more people hold ownership of the same asset or patrimonial right at the same time.
Fundamentals
The velocity of money measures how often a monetary unit is used during a period. It helps explain the relationship between money supply, nominal spending, demand for money, and inflation.
Fundamentals
A right-of-way easement permits limited use of another person’s land to reach another place. It restricts property use under legal rules without transferring ownership.
Fundamentals
Private life protects personal spaces, communications, relationships, and decisions from arbitrary intrusion and sustains individual liberty.