Fundamentals
What a Mortgage Lien Is and How It Works
A mortgage lien ties a property to the performance of an obligation. Learn how it works, how it differs from a loan, and what risks it creates.
Publication contributor
Articles by Daniel Sardá · Page 12
This archive contains published site articles attributed to Daniel Sardá. The separate Thinkers section contains historical intellectual profiles, not publication contributors.
Fundamentals
Entrepreneurial Function: What It Means and Why Context Matters
The entrepreneurial function means spotting opportunities, coordinating resources, and acting under uncertainty; more broadly, it can also describe the role of organizing and driving a business.
Fundamentals
Hyperpresidentialism: What It Is and Why It Is Not the Same as a Strong Presidency
Hyperpresidentialism describes an imbalance: a presidency with great effective power facing institutions that cannot control it sufficiently.
Fundamentals
Credit Expansion: What It Is and How It Affects the Economy
Credit expansion increases the availability of loans. It can finance productive activity, but excessive growth also builds risk.
Fundamentals
Unit of account: what it is and why it matters for prices and contracts
A unit of account is the common reference used to express prices, costs, and debts. Its usefulness depends on how clearly it allows comparison.
Fundamentals
Land Titling: What It Is and How It Differs from Possession
Land titling identifies, verifies and formalizes rights over a parcel so they are clearer and more defensible under each country's rules.
Fundamentals
Exchange rate: what it is, how it is formed, and why it matters
An exchange rate is the price of one currency expressed in another. Understanding how it is formed helps explain its movements and everyday effects.
Fundamentals
Civil Society: What It Is and How It Differs from the State
Civil society is the sphere of associations and collective action that links people with one another and with public institutions.
Authors
Hayek and spontaneous order: what the idea means and why it matters
Spontaneous order explains, in Hayek, how a free society coordinates dispersed knowledge under general rules, without a central plan dictating each person's ends.
Authors
Hayek and The Road to Serfdom: what it argues and why it matters
The Road to Serfdom explains why, for Hayek, general rules sustain a free society by limiting discretionary power, and warns what happens when central planning replaces them with decisions about collective ends.
Fundamentals
Subsidies and Economic Effects: How They Alter Prices and Incentives
Subsidies lower the cost of activities or goods to pursue public goals, but their results depend on incidence, design, cost, and how they end.
Fundamentals
Market Failures: What They Are, Why They Arise, and What They Mean
Market failures occur when prices, information, competition, or poorly defined rights prevent resources from being allocated efficiently.
Fundamentals
Money creation: what it is, how it works, and why it matters
Money creation is not just about printing banknotes. Understanding it requires separating central bank money, bank deposits, money supply, and inflation.
Authors
Herbert Spencer: who he was, what ideas he defended, and why he still matters
Herbert Spencer was a 19th-century English philosopher and sociologist who tried to explain society through a general theory of evolution. His defense of individualism and a limited state places him close to classical liberalism, but his legacy requires nuance.
Authors
Hayek and Dispersed Knowledge: What It Means and Why It Matters
A clear explanation of Hayek's thesis on dispersed knowledge, the price system, and the limits of central planning.
Authors
Gustave de Molinari: who he was and why he matters for classical liberalism
Gustave de Molinari was a radical classical liberal who pushed the defense of competition to an uncomfortable question: why should security remain in the hands of a state monopoly?
Authors
Frédéric Bastiat: who he was and why he still matters
Frédéric Bastiat was a 19th-century French economist, journalist, and politician. His work turned the defense of free trade and the critique of legal privilege into clear, memorable arguments.
Fundamentals
Liberal Philosophy: What It Is, Its Principles, and Key Differences
A clear guide to liberal philosophy, its core principles, and how it differs from other uses of liberalism.
Fundamentals
The Right to Property: What It Is, What It Protects, and Why It Matters
The right to property protects the ability to own, use, enjoy, dispose of, and defend assets against others within the limits set by law.
Practical
Content marketing: what it is and how to use it without improvising
Learn what content marketing is, when to use it, how to choose topics and channels, what to measure, and which mistakes to avoid.
Practical
Content calendar: how to create one that works without overcomplicating it
Learn what a content calendar is, what fields it needs, and how to use one to plan publishing without depending on a complicated app.
Authors
Adam Smith: Who He Was, What Ideas He Defended, and Why He Still Matters
Adam Smith was a moral philosopher and political economist of the Scottish Enlightenment. His work connects sympathy, institutions, commerce, and economic freedom.
Authors
David Ricardo: who he was and why he matters in classical economics
David Ricardo was one of the great classical political economists. His work organized debates about trade, rent, value, and distribution that still matter.
Practical
How to Create a Digital Portfolio Step by Step
A clear method for building a useful, honest, publishable digital portfolio without depending on a single platform or a template that decides for you.