Publication contributor
This archive contains published site articles attributed to Daniel Sardá. The separate Thinkers section contains historical intellectual profiles, not publication contributors.
Fundamentals
Political rights enable citizens to take part in public affairs, vote and stand for election, and access public service on equal terms. Making them effective requires far more than holding elections.
Fundamentals
A right of use allows someone to use another person's property without acquiring ownership. Its scope depends on the instrument creating it and the applicable law.
Fundamentals
Free-market capitalism combines private property, voluntary exchange, and coordination through prices. It depends on general rules, open competition, and limits on both political power and business privilege.
Fundamentals
Tolerance protects the right to choose and disagree; taking responsibility for the effects of our decisions keeps that freedom from becoming indifference.
Fundamentals
Subsidiarity protects the capacity of individuals, associations, and governments close to a problem, while also requiring support when they cannot address it adequately.
Fundamentals
Inherent rights do not depend on flawless conduct. But recognizing equal liberty for all requires respecting others' rightful sphere and answering for certain harms and commitments.
Fundamentals
Bank credit lets borrowers use funds today in exchange for repaying them later. This guide explains how it works, its costs, types, and risks.
Fundamentals
Living together in freedom does not require us to think alike. It means coordinating different choices through reciprocal rights, justifiable rules, and voluntary agreements.
Fundamentals
Democracy does not require permanent agreement. It requires equal rights and rules that can survive conflict. Liberal tolerance helps explain what breaks when an adversary comes to be treated as an enemy.
Fundamentals
Owning a digital resource is not just a matter of being able to open or move it. It depends on which rights exist, who can exercise them, and under what rules.
Fundamentals
Free exchange requires more than a formal yes: it depends on the capacity to decide, sufficient information, freedom from coercion, and a legitimate right to transfer.
Fundamentals
The right to intimacy protects a private sphere from improper access, use, and disclosure. Its scope depends on context and must be balanced with other rights.
Fundamentals
Money demand expresses how much liquidity households and businesses wish to hold. It changes with purchasing power, opportunity cost, economic activity, and confidence.
Fundamentals
Economic competition depends on the freedoms to start a business, exchange, and choose. In turn, an open market expands people's options without guaranteeing success to any participant.
Fundamentals
Capital describes the productive function of a resource; property determines who may use, control, or transfer it. Understanding that distinction clarifies how investment and production are organized.
Fundamentals
A clear guide to sale and purchase agreements: the parties, essential elements, obligations, and differences from barter, gifts, and leases.
Fundamentals
Perfect competition is a model for understanding how prices, costs, market entry, and efficiency interact. Its conclusions are useful, but they depend on demanding assumptions.
Fundamentals
Monopolistic competition combines many sellers with differentiated products. This mix explains why a firm can influence its price while still facing competition.
Fundamentals
Imperfect competition describes markets where sellers or buyers retain some ability to influence prices and other terms, although that power has limits.
Fundamentals
Collateral can describe a lateral relationship, a secondary consequence, a family relationship, or an asset that secures a debt. Context distinguishes each use.
Fundamentals
Real estate capital encompasses the economic value tied to property, but its meaning changes with context. This guide explains how to calculate net equity and distinguish it from rental income and appreciation.
Fundamentals
Productive capital encompasses the assets and resources that provide services in production. Its contribution depends on how they are combined, used, and maintained.
Fundamentals
A basic basket is a statistical benchmark whose contents depend on its purpose, population, location, and period. Understanding its methodology prevents us from treating it as a universal list or drawing conclusions it cannot support.
Fundamentals
An exchange-rate gap compares two coexisting exchange rates. The calculation is simple, but interpreting it requires distinguishing between markets, rules, and expectations.