Fundamentals
Secularism: Meaning, Principles, and Limits
Secularism limits state privilege and coercion in matters of belief. This guide explains its principles, institutional forms, and limits.
Publication contributor
Articles by Daniel Sardá · Page 9
This archive contains published site articles attributed to Daniel Sardá. The separate Thinkers section contains historical intellectual profiles, not publication contributors.
Fundamentals
Public Reason: How to Justify Power Among Free Citizens
Public reason requires fundamental political decisions to be justified with reasons that free and equal citizens can assess and reasonably accept. It neither erases personal convictions nor promises consensus: it disciplines the use of coercive power.
Fundamentals
Productive Property: What It Is, Examples, and How It Works
Productive property is defined not only by who owns an asset, but by how that asset is used. This guide explains the criterion through examples, mixed-use cases, and limits.
Fundamentals
Money Illusion: When a Bigger Number Does Not Mean Greater Wealth
Money illusion arises when we focus more on monetary figures than on what the money can buy. Distinguishing nominal from real values helps us evaluate wages, savings, interest rates, and debt more accurately.
Fundamentals
Monetary Aggregates: What They Are and How M1, M2, and M3 Differ
Monetary aggregates classify assets by their ability to function as money. This guide explains the logic of M1, M2, and M3, how they differ from the monetary base, and the cautions needed to interpret them.
Fundamentals
Mixed Ownership: Who Controls, Bears Risk, and Receives the Benefits
Mixed ownership combines public and private stakes, but percentages alone do not explain it: effective control, risk, objectives, and accountability also matter.
Fundamentals
Local power: when a community can truly decide
Local power depends on more than proximity: it requires genuine decision-making authority, adequate resources, accountability, and legal limits.
Fundamentals
Condominium ownership: how private units and common property fit together
Condominium ownership combines exclusive rights over an individual unit with an inseparable interest in common areas and services. This guide explains its structure, documents, and basic rules.
Fundamentals
Communal property: what it is and how it works
Communal property does not mean that a resource has no owner or that anyone may use it. It refers to a family of arrangements in which an identifiable community allocates rights, sets rules, and assumes responsibilities for a resource.
Fundamentals
Cadastre: what it is, what information it contains, and what it is used for
A cadastre organizes information about parcels and real estate so they can be identified, described, and used for fiscal and land-management purposes. Its scope and legal effects vary by country.
Fundamentals
Political prices: what they are and why they distort the economy
Political prices are prices fixed or altered by public power according to political goals, rather than by voluntary coordination between supply and demand.
Fundamentals
Money multiplier: what it is and what its limits are
The money multiplier describes a relationship between the monetary base, bank reserves, and broad money, but it is not an automatic credit machine.
Fundamentals
Co-ownership: what it means to share ownership of an asset
Co-ownership exists when two or more people hold ownership of the same asset or patrimonial right at the same time.
Fundamentals
Velocity of money: what it is and why it matters for inflation
The velocity of money measures how often a monetary unit is used during a period. It helps explain the relationship between money supply, nominal spending, demand for money, and inflation.
Fundamentals
Right-of-way easement: what it is and how it limits property use
A right-of-way easement permits limited use of another person’s land to reach another place. It restricts property use under legal rules without transferring ownership.
Fundamentals
Private Life: What It Means and Why It Protects Individual Liberty
Status: local draft for editorial review. Not published.
Fundamentals
Price floors: what they are and why they create surpluses
Draft status: local English translation/localization draft. Not published. Not approved for promotion.
Fundamentals
Price ceilings: what they are and why they can cause shortages
Price ceilings legally limit how much sellers may charge. When set below the market-clearing price, they can lead to shortages, queues, rationing, and reduced supply.
Fundamentals
Plural society: what it is and why it needs freedom and common rules
Draft status: local draft/review
Fundamentals
Freedom of consumption: what it means and why it belongs to economic freedom
Freedom of consumption lets people choose, replace, or reject goods and services using their own resources, within rules that protect property, contracts, and the rights of others.
Fundamentals
Constitutional veto: what it is and how it limits political power
A constitutional veto allows public decisions to be stopped or reviewed under defined rules. It can protect rights and restrain abuses, though arbitrary use can also cause political deadlock.
Fundamentals
Business Risk: What It Is and Why It Comes With Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship means committing resources without a guarantee of recovering the investment. Business risk connects uncertainty, competition, profits, losses, and responsibility for decisions.
Fundamentals
Tyranny of the Majority: Meaning and Why Democracy Needs Limits
Tyranny of the majority arises when winning a vote is used to violate individual rights. Constitutional limits protect those outside the dominant group.
Fundamentals
Separation of Church and State: freedom of conscience and limits on power
Separation of church and state distinguishes civil from religious authority to protect freedom of conscience, without imposing a faith or excluding religion from social life.