Publication contributor
This archive contains published site articles attributed to Daniel Sardá. The separate Thinkers section contains historical intellectual profiles, not publication contributors.
Practical
A practical guide for choosing how to get paid for freelance work in Venezuela based on client type, currency, payment backing, fees, and how you can actually use the money.
Fundamentals
Expropriation is a compulsory taking of property ordered by public authority for a lawful cause and with compensation. Its legitimacy depends on real limits, not just on the label the state uses.
Fundamentals
Artificial scarcity appears when rules, privileges, barriers, or strategies limit access to goods that could be more widely available.
Fundamentals
Natural law holds that the justice of laws does not depend only on being enacted: they can also be judged by principles that come before political power.
Fundamentals
Political gaslighting is a form of public manipulation that seeks not only to deceive but to make people doubt their own judgment about clear facts.
Fundamentals
A paternalistic state appears when public power limits or steers personal decisions on the grounds that it is protecting the person affected.
Practical
A practical path to learning SEO from scratch without relying on course promises, expensive suites or shortcuts: understand search, practice, measure and improve.
Fundamentals
The social function of property recognizes that private property is protected, while its exercise may be subject to general limits compatible with others' rights, social interest, and the rule of law.
Fundamentals
Learn what checks and balances are, how they work within separation of powers, and why they matter for limiting abuse of state power.
Fundamentals
Currency devaluation is an official reduction in a currency's value against a reference such as another currency or an exchange-rate peg. Understanding it requires looking at the exchange-rate regime, not just a stronger dollar.
Fundamentals
Commodity money is a form of money based on goods with intrinsic value, such as gold or silver, that also serve as a medium of exchange.
Analysis
Political disinformation uses false or misleading content strategically to shape perceptions, votes, reputations or trust in institutions.
Fundamentals
Time preference explains how we value the present relative to the future. That makes it useful for understanding saving, investment, capital, credit, and interest.
Fundamentals
Natural rights are pre-state claims used to judge whether political power respects life, liberty and property.
Fundamentals
Individual rights protect concrete persons from undue interference and work as limits on power under the rule of law.
Fundamentals
Private property defines a sphere of control over goods and resources; contracts let people rearrange uses, transfers, and obligations voluntarily under general rules.
Fundamentals
Consumer sovereignty describes how buying decisions shape what firms produce in open, competitive markets.
Fundamentals
The economic calculation problem asks how rival uses of capital can be compared when there are no market prices for the means of production.
Fundamentals
International trade expands cooperation and choice, but some dependencies can give states leverage. A liberal answer starts with clear rules and concrete risk management.
Fundamentals
Confiscation is a severe state deprivation of property or assets. To understand it, you have to separate sanction, permanent taking, compensation, due process, and nearby concepts such as forfeiture, seizure, embargo, and expropriation.
Fundamentals
Monetary policy influences money, credit, and prices, but its effects are indirect and uncertain. Learn its tools, transmission, and limits.
Fundamentals
Purchasing power loss means that an income or savings balance buys less than it used to. This article explains how to identify it without confusing it with inflation or devaluation.
Fundamentals
Inflation is a general increase in prices over time. Understanding how it is measured helps distinguish it from a one-off price jump and shows why stable money matters.
Fundamentals
Voluntary contracts allow people to cooperate, exchange and assume obligations by consent, but they work only when that consent is real and protected by general rules.